ALAT NAVIGASI PERUM TANGAN

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">Salah satu alat navigasi yang berfungsi untuk mengukur kedalaman perairan, sekaligus mengetahui jenis dasarnya.</span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: justify;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLyvFP5cbc2jB4k8ae35YURmmzeOEKiZ0R2DOgW45eLtnKxBGwPE8HxOj7ZJxv0b1_aD1k_Z735096XawePrVqZJ6G2uOV2UldOb8yS8nws9e1-VZHW8FF7BI0XAVL5OguiMNaSEK8RQrb/s1600/Perum+Tangan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLyvFP5cbc2jB4k8ae35YURmmzeOEKiZ0R2DOgW45eLtnKxBGwPE8HxOj7ZJxv0b1_aD1k_Z735096XawePrVqZJ6G2uOV2UldOb8yS8nws9e1-VZHW8FF7BI0XAVL5OguiMNaSEK8RQrb/s400/Perum+Tangan.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Perum Tangan</b></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><br /></span></div><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cara Pengoperasian<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Siapkan alat perum diatas deck haluan kapal, bila pengoperasian pada malam hari hitung terlebih dahulu jarak dari tangan juru perum sampai dengan permukaan air.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Batu duga pada bagian lubang bawah diberi vaselin atau gemuk.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Kecepatan kapal dikurangi atau sampai berhenti sama sekali. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Batu duga diayun dengan menggunakan tangan kanan, dan selanjutnya diturunkan ke air sampai dengan batu duga menyentuh dasar perairan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Sesaat setelah menyentuh dasar, diatur sedemikian rupa agar posisi tali tegak lurus dan tidak kendor.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Pada saat tali benar-benar tegak perhatikan batas tali dan tanda warna yang menyentuh permukaan air, bila dioperasikan pada malam hari atau cuaca buruk maka yang dibaca adalah merkah yang terpegang di tangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Juru Perum meneriakkan tanda merkah yang terlihat pada tali perum ( kedalaman perairan ).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Catat kedalaman perairan berdasarkan warna tanda pada tali perum tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Setelah pembacaan selesai tali ditarik lagi ke atas deck.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">j.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Perhatikan jenis dasar laut yang menempel pada batu duga.</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">k.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Catat hasilnya.</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tanda-tanda Merkah pada Tali Perum Tangan :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Pada setiap kepanjangan tali 3, 13, 23, dst. Ditandai dengan kain berwarna merah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Pada setiap kepanjangan tali 5, 15, 25, dst. Ditandai dengan kain berwarna putih.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Pada setiap kepanjangan tali 7, 17, 27, dst. Ditandai dengan kain berwarna biru.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Pada setiap kepanjangan tali 10, 20, 30, dst. Ditandai dengan sepotong kulit yang dilubangi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Pada setiap kepanjangan tali 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12 dst. Ditandai dengan tali putih atau warna kain selain warna di atas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ketelitian Pemeruman Tergantung dari :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Kecepatan kapal.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Kemahiran juru perum.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Keadaan cuaca pada saat itu.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">d.  Banyaknya pemeruman yang dilakukan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sumber: </span></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PENULIS <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">      </span>: MULDAN MARTIN, A.Pi</span></b></span></span></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></b></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">EDITOR <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">        </span>: IRWAN KURNIAWAN, S.St.Pi</span></b></span></b></div><br /></div>

ALAT NAVIGASI PERUM TANGAN

Salah satu alat navigasi yang berfungsi untuk mengukur kedalaman perairan, sekaligus mengetahui jenis dasarnya. Perum Tangan Cara Pengoperas...

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ALAT NAVIGASI KOMPAS

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">Kompas adalah satu alat navigasi yang berfungsi untuk menetapkan arah haluan kapal dan juga untuk membaring suatu target sasaran.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">KOMPAS MAGNIT BASAH </span>( Magnetic Liquid Compass )</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4L_xHQbE7VfKS4Dhbj-c_4ZJ1cXXzHu1lM1GFrNsYUftgZyHVcC7r9yvIR77p2UjfeeHukxfeYQjsmzQ5tn7e6HfkOAl80Ao2HK79vqfWA0yhDgTFfoS1OQYiyUphWY8WA46pqCXp0lEU/s1600/Bagian-bagian+Kompas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><i><img border="0" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4L_xHQbE7VfKS4Dhbj-c_4ZJ1cXXzHu1lM1GFrNsYUftgZyHVcC7r9yvIR77p2UjfeeHukxfeYQjsmzQ5tn7e6HfkOAl80Ao2HK79vqfWA0yhDgTFfoS1OQYiyUphWY8WA46pqCXp0lEU/s400/Bagian-bagian+Kompas.jpg" width="400" /></i></b></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><br /></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i></i></b></div><h4 style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: windowtext; line-height: 130%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><i>Cara Pengoperasian</i></span></span></b></h4><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b><i>Untuk Menentukan Arah Haluan Kapal :<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tentukan terlebih dahulu arah haluan kapal yang akan dituju.<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Letakk</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">an kompas tepat ditengah-tengah kapal sejajar dengan garis lunas kapal, dekat dengan kemudi kapal.<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Putar kemudi kapal kekiri/ kekanan seiring dengan pergerakan arah haluan kapal sampai dengan arah haluan kapal yang dituju sesuai dengan sudut arah pada kompas.<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b><i>Membaring benda di darat.<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Persiapkan alat-alat baring, antara lain :<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 78pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b>-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">          </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Kompas magnit<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 78pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b>-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">          </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pesawat Penjera Celah<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 78pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b>-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">          </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pesawat Baring Thomson<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Baring target sasaran dengan menggunakan alat pembaringan.<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><b><i>( pembahasan cara pengoperasian lihat pada prosedur pengoperasian Pesawat Penjera Celah dan Pesawat Baring Thomson )<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%;"><i>Aplikasi Kompas</i></span></h4><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Haluan yang dikemudikan pada pedoman magnit kapal adalah Haluan Pedoman (HP) dan Baringan yang diperoleh dari pedoman baringnya adalah Baringan Pedoman (BP).<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Garis haluan yang ditarik diatas peta adalah Haluan Sejati (HS) dan baringannya adalah Baringan Sejati (BS).<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Hasil baringan dari pedoman baring, jika ingin dilukiskan di peta harus diubah terlebih dahulu menjadi BS, dengan menggunakan rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><b><i>BP  +  V  =  BM   ;  BM  +  D  =  BS , atau<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><b><i>  V  +  D  =   S     ;  BP  +  S   =  BS<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pada nilai variasi perhatikan perubahan tahunan variasinya, sedangkan untuk nilai deviasi perhatikan deviasi pedoman kemudi pada daftar deviasi untuk haluan yang bersangkutan.<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Untuk keperluan pengemudian kapal, ubahlah HS menjadi HP.<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Bulatkanlah selalu nilai haluan ( 0,5⁰keatas dibulatkan menjadi 1⁰ dan dibawah 0,5⁰ dihilangkan )., contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;"><b><i>23,5⁰ menjadi 24⁰   ;   23,4⁰ menjadi 23^0<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">^{<b><i><br /></i></b>}</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;"><b><i></i></b></span></div><h4 style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 130%; mso-ansi-language: FI;"><i>Aplikasi Deviasi Kompas</i></span></h4><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;"><b><i>Deviasi  = sudut antara Utara Magnit dan Utara Pedoman<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:rect id="_x0000_s1026" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:270pt; margin-top:12.45pt;width:171pt;height:67.3pt;z-index:251635200'/><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 95px; left: 0px; margin-left: 359px; margin-top: 16px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 234px; z-index: 251635200;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: justify;"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="white" height="95" style="background: white; border: .75pt solid black; vertical-align: top;" width="234"><!--[endif]--><!--[if !mso]--><span style="left: 0pt; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 251635200;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;"> <tbody><tr> <td><!--[endif]--> <br /><div class="shape" style="padding: 4.35pt 7.95pt 4.35pt 7.95pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"><h3 style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>Sembir  =  Variasi + Deviasi<o:p></o:p></i></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>Deviasi  =  HM  –  HP<o:p></o:p></i></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><i>Variasi  =  HS  -  HM<o:p></o:p></i></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div></div><!--[if !mso]--></td> </tr></tbody></table></span><!--[endif]--><!--[if !mso & !vml]--><b><i> <!--[endif]--><!--[if !vml]--></i></b></td> </tr></tbody></table></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;"><b><i>- Nilai deviasi (+) bila UP dikanan UM<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IT;"><b><i>- Nilai deviasi (-) bila UP dikiri UM<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><b><i>Sembir  =  sudut antara <st1:country -region="-region" w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">US</st1:place></st1:country>dan UP<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><b><i>- Nilai sembir (+) bila UP dikanan <st1:country -region="-region" w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">US</st1:place></st1:country><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><b><i>- Nilai sembir (-) bila UP dikiri <st1:country -region="-region" w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">US</st1:place></st1:country><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><b><i>Macam-macam pedoman magnit berdasarkan penggunaannya di kapal :<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pedoman magnit kering (magnetic dry compass).<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pedoman magnit basah (magnetic liquid compass)<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 130%;"><b><i>Sesuai dengan penempatan dan fungsinya di kapal, pedoman magnit dibagi menjadi tiga jenis :<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pedoman standard (standard compass).<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pedoman kemudi (steering compass).</span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></b></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">3.  Pedoman darurat.</span></span></i></b></span></div><br /><b><i></i></b><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrSIdmPiuh-jl6B8MCwCLhfAxVT2nJekovGp6phxmgRLRQUkxC8WIMU1K_Y_N69dp1Ll7Ilm66psezaSMLcFUdIxzhNbCNKB-2jyieeSTINc_WBI1FEcUGlOCgHduLYT27RkZIvwCuqBR6/s1600/Mawar+Pedoman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrSIdmPiuh-jl6B8MCwCLhfAxVT2nJekovGp6phxmgRLRQUkxC8WIMU1K_Y_N69dp1Ll7Ilm66psezaSMLcFUdIxzhNbCNKB-2jyieeSTINc_WBI1FEcUGlOCgHduLYT27RkZIvwCuqBR6/s400/Mawar+Pedoman.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><br /></span></i></b></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b></b></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Sifat-sifat magnit :<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Memiliki <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">gaya</st1:place></st1:city> tarik atau tolak terhadap logam bermagnit lainnya (baja dan besi).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Kekuatan terkuat <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">gaya</st1:place></st1:city> tarik magnit terdapat pada ujung-ujung magnit batang.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Ujung-ujung magnit batang diberi nama kutub. Kutub utara dan kutub selatan, karena ujungnya selalu mengarah ke kutub-kutub bumi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kutub senama akan saling tolak menolak dan kutub tidak senama akan tarik menarik.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Syarat-syarat piringan pedoman yang baik :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Harus ringan, sungkup piringan pedoman bagian bawahnya harus licin.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tidak memiliki kesalahan kolimasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Pembagian derajatnya harus jelas, sehingga mudah dibaca dan dibuat secara teratur.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Besarnya piringan pedoman harus seimbang dengan besarnya ketel pedoman.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Piringan pedoman harus tenang namun peka.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Waktu ayun piringan pedoman harus cukup besar, yaitu minimum 14 detik agar tidak terjadi sinkronisasi dengan olengan kapal.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Cara memeriksa kepekaan piringan pedoman :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Putar piringan pedoman ke kanan <u>+</u>3⁰ dari kedudukan seimbang semula.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Lepaskan dan kemudian baca penyimpangan sudut pada sisi lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Ulangi dengan arah berbeda, yaitu putar piringan pedoman kekiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bila hasil penyimpangan pada kedua sisi sama atau berselisih ½ ⁰saja, berarti piringan pedoman cukup peka.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Syarat ketel pedoman yang baik :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Ketel pedoman tidak boleh mengandung magnit.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pada saat kapal dalam keadaan diam, maka tutup kaca bening dibagian atas harus dalam keadaan datar.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Posisi ketel pedoman tidak boleh menyentuh bagian-bagian pedoman lain, sehingga setiap saat bagian-bagian dalam pedoman dapat mengayun dengan bebas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Semat atau pasak pedoman harus benar-benar terpasang vertical ditengah-tengah ketel pedoman.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tuas untuk menempatkan pesawat baring harus tepat dititik pusat Garis layar tepat pada bidang lunas linggi kapal.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Cara memeriksa ketepatan garis layar :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Buatlah sebuah tonggak dan berdirikan dibidang lunas linggi didepan pedoman pada jarak yang cukup, misalnya diujung haluan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Baringlah tonggak tersebut dan pada saat yang sama lihatlah penunjukkan skala derajat oleh garis layar.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bila kedua penunjukkan adalah sama berarti garis layar telah tepat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Perawatan pedoman magnit meliputi :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Perawatan alat dan bagian-bagiannya :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bila terjadi gelembung udara cukup banyak atau kedudukan piringan pedoman berubah, cara perawatannya :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Lepaskan pedoman dari rumah pedoman.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Baringkan ketel pedoman pada tempat yang rata.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">   </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Buka bagian penyumbatnya (prop) dengan cara diputar.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Keluarkan cairan melalui prop, namun bila hanya terjadi gelembung udara cukup banyak dengan menambahkan campuran alcohol (70 %) dan air (30 %) melalui lubang prop tersebut.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Setelah cairan dikeluarkan, selanjutnya buka sekrup-sekrup yang berada pada tutup ketel pedoman.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Perbaiki bagian-bagian yang rusak atau aus dan ganti bila perlu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Setelah selesai perbaikan, tutup kembali kaca penutup bagian atasnya dan sekrup yang rapih.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Isi kembali cairan alcohol dan air melalui prop, dan usahakanlah sampai penuh, selanjutnya prop ditutup.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Cek terlebih dahulu apakah masih terdapat gelembung udara dalam ketel tersebut atau tidak ? Bila tidak, kencangkan prop tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">j.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kembalikan ketel pedoman pada rumah pedoman.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Penempatan pedoman yang baik di kapal.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Agar piringan pedoman di kapal tetap pada posisi mendatar, maka perlu diberi cincin kardanus.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Benda-benda besi/baja, benda bermagnit atau alat-alat listrik disekitar kompas harus disingkirkan untuk menghindari pengaruh penunjukkan pedoman.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">   </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Bila pedoman tidak dipergunakan, tutuplah dengan rapih.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Koreksi secara periodik terhadap arah penunjukkan pedoman.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Lakukan pengecekan dengan cara melakukan pembaringan dua benda yang terdapat di peta dan diketahui arah sejatinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Bila penunjukkan arah terlalu besar lakukan penimbalan, yaitu memasang dan mengatur letak batangan parameter disekitar dinding luar ketel pedoman sambil membaring.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">c. Namun bila masih terdapat keragu-raguan mengenai arah penunjukkan pedoman atau kepekannya maka perlu dibawa ke bengkel khusus untuk perbaikan lebih lanjut.</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sumber: </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">PENULIS <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">      </span>: MULDAN MARTIN, A.Pi</span></b></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></b></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">EDITOR <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">        </span>: IRWAN KURNIAWAN, S.St.Pi</span></b></span></div></b></span></div></div>

ALAT NAVIGASI KOMPAS

Kompas adalah satu alat navigasi yang berfungsi untuk menetapkan arah haluan kapal dan juga untuk membaring suatu target sasaran. KOMPAS MAG...

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