AZIMUTH

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Maksud dan tujuan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">AZIMUTH Ialah menentukan arah sejati (baringan sejati) suatu benda angkasa untuk memperoleh : salah pedoman (deviasi) dan arah garis tinggi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Cara mencari Azimuth<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 75.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 75.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dengan perhitungan ilmu ukur sudut<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 75.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 75.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dengan daftar-daftar azimuth<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 75.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 75.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dengan diagram-diagram azimuth<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Ikhtisar keadaan azimuth:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9EMXRF1nJHQZ7sskBfYyLx8j4H96Rlh2mApFNetkE5mRcX8xoU5umvWjvBtU4FWs3vKFvV02XfdSY4QtKkXR7vwdm-K2laJJrj5CosHoFqA3I85PTnJYGPuM0rgFhb-7I8im_nSGlgG96/s1600/Untitled-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9EMXRF1nJHQZ7sskBfYyLx8j4H96Rlh2mApFNetkE5mRcX8xoU5umvWjvBtU4FWs3vKFvV02XfdSY4QtKkXR7vwdm-K2laJJrj5CosHoFqA3I85PTnJYGPuM0rgFhb-7I8im_nSGlgG96/s400/Untitled-1.jpg" width="397" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 24px;">Gambar.Ikhtisar azimuth</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Segitiga Paralak <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Adalah segitiga bola di angkasa yang mempunyai titik-titik sudut : P (kutub yang terletak diatas cakrawala), T (titik puncak sipenilik), S (benda angkasa)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sudut-sudutnya :<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                                   </span>sisi-sisinya :<br />P<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>= sudut jam<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">               </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                        </span>PT<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">       </span>= 90° - l<br />T<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>= azimut<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                     </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                        </span>PS<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">       </span>= 90° - z = jarak kutub<br />S<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>= sudut paralak<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">        </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                        </span>TS<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">       </span>= 90° - ts = jarak puncak<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Peraturan umum<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: NL;">P<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>> 90° …………………………..<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">         </span>T lancip<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: NL;">L dan Z senama, Z > L……….<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>T lancip<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: NL;">L dan Z tak senama…………..<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>T tumpul<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: NL;">L dan Z senama………………..<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">           </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">T lancip / tumpul<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Z < L serta P < 90 °<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxriQWuCjYuJzQIH82S31aqNqsOz74B_9QrYet19QjncjU2YJ6rEG55l7HG2G7NHZzICFTzPKcSW87nZ25kqxE6fAinxyE411H68y5PTTFuXfCfS7RBCu7XCRu-H_-OfC73nChFof8zqPA/s1600/Untitled-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxriQWuCjYuJzQIH82S31aqNqsOz74B_9QrYet19QjncjU2YJ6rEG55l7HG2G7NHZzICFTzPKcSW87nZ25kqxE6fAinxyE411H68y5PTTFuXfCfS7RBCu7XCRu-H_-OfC73nChFof8zqPA/s400/Untitled-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:170.95pt; height:133.4pt;mso-position-horizontal-relative:char; mso-position-vertical-relative:line'> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\ZOELL\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg" o:title="HITUNG PELAYARAN57b" croptop="38068f" cropleft="10930f" cropright="15571f"/> <w:wrap type="none"/> <w:anchorlock/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Penentuan Tempat Astronomi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Proyeksi bumiawi ; titik potong permukaan bumi dengan garis lurus yang menguhubungkan titik pusat benda angkasa dan titik pusat bumi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1029" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:270pt; height:200.7pt;mso-position-horizontal-relative:char; mso-position-vertical-relative:line'> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\ZOELL\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.jpg" o:title="HITUNG PELAYARAN72" croptop="41120f" cropbottom="5568f" cropleft="19275f" cropright="16705f"/> <w:wrap type="none"/> <w:anchorlock/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj80JEvOBXPO5B7hUsy8YhWufRZPRY-hO902fV34-NL2kZN9fAkz5hBa4pOdrjcKf1-aB5TDM1qQtBqVFPpc39EjUTNgmwfcPIl5ql3JHKQN97Hsljh4ar0r2pbSagWVPoalE1LCBSgEmJ2/s1600/Untitled-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj80JEvOBXPO5B7hUsy8YhWufRZPRY-hO902fV34-NL2kZN9fAkz5hBa4pOdrjcKf1-aB5TDM1qQtBqVFPpc39EjUTNgmwfcPIl5ql3JHKQN97Hsljh4ar0r2pbSagWVPoalE1LCBSgEmJ2/s400/Untitled-3.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 24px;">Gambar. Penentuan Tempat Astronomi</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Lengkung tinggi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Adalah gambaran jajar tinggi di dalam peta bertumbuh(mercator)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bentuk umum lengkung tinggi :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kutub yang senama, terletak pada jajar tinggi (z+n = 90°), parabola<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Kutub yang senama, terletak diluar jajar tinggi (z+n < 90°), elips<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Kutub yang senama, terletak didalam jajar tinggi (z+n = 90°), cosinusoid<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>SHAPE<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>\* MERGEFORMAT <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span></b><![endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:group id="_x0000_s1032" editas="canvas" style='width:387pt;height:85.15pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative:char;mso-position-vertical-relative:line' coordorigin="2515,729" coordsize="10678,2086"> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> <v:shape id="_x0000_s1033" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:2515; top:729;width:10678;height:2086' o:preferrelative="f"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"/> <v:path o:extrusionok="t" o:connecttype="none"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" text="t"/> </v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1034" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute; left:6336;top:729;width:3345;height:2086'> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\ZOELL\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.jpg" o:title="HITUNG PELAYARAN80" croptop="33950f" cropbottom="7622f" cropleft="30648f"/> </v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1035" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute; left:2515;top:729;width:3331;height:2086'> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\ZOELL\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.jpg" o:title="HITUNG PELAYARAN82" croptop="43066f" cropbottom="624f" cropleft=".5"/> </v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1036" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute; left:10058;top:729;width:3135;height:1887;mso-position-horizontal-relative:char; mso-position-vertical-relative:line'> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\ZOELL\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.jpg" o:title="HITUNG PELAYARAN83" croptop="32193f" cropbottom="14947f" cropleft="20696f" cropright="3449f"/> </v:shape><w:wrap type="none"/> <w:anchorlock/></v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span></b><!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><v:shape id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:387pt;height:85.15pt'> <v:imagedata croptop="-65520f" cropbottom="65520f"/></v:shape><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span></b><![endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhft7CPA9A3f_ZHwa67Vsivi6DoDKq5TpFx1ra7Ie6dSmY2DsGaY8dLybSZA787h72RmVhOLxrKPeOoT9v55Lk3Jjp6ynj_00455RU1jfUZ1hF8PJ6jv-DuL6MJhlB0CKUgCdUsNJF0otHM/s1600/Untitled-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="139" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhft7CPA9A3f_ZHwa67Vsivi6DoDKq5TpFx1ra7Ie6dSmY2DsGaY8dLybSZA787h72RmVhOLxrKPeOoT9v55Lk3Jjp6ynj_00455RU1jfUZ1hF8PJ6jv-DuL6MJhlB0CKUgCdUsNJF0otHM/s640/Untitled-4.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Garis Tinggi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Adalah garis lurus di peta yang berjalan melalui titik yang dihitung, tegak lurus arah azimut dan yang dapat menggantikan sebagian lengkung tinggi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Panjang garis tinggi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Adalah<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">sebagian garis tinggi, antara yang dihitung dan proyeksi tempat sejati pada garis tinggi tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:3in;height:108pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative:char;mso-position-vertical-relative:line'> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\ZOELL\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image011.jpg" o:title="HITUNG PELAYARAN85" croptop="18923f" cropbottom="28321f" cropleft="10923f"/> <w:wrap type="none"/> <w:anchorlock/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQROytMS0CnE6ZANg4AMrypma1UGi0YnYPor00-ZRLLtWPtoao7tQwLWVORpqDOsJGM3fmxeQzEBRezEg8uh7lsgAqjYDJQw5YpWjxtaGjaLCNth07G4naj9lAxS-PQmGNQcW1XQBGE3f9/s1600/Untitled-5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQROytMS0CnE6ZANg4AMrypma1UGi0YnYPor00-ZRLLtWPtoao7tQwLWVORpqDOsJGM3fmxeQzEBRezEg8uh7lsgAqjYDJQw5YpWjxtaGjaLCNth07G4naj9lAxS-PQmGNQcW1XQBGE3f9/s400/Untitled-5.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Titik Tinggi (H)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Adalah<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">titik potong dari jajar tinggi dengan lingkaran besar yang melalui tempat duga dan p.b benda angkasa<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Garis tinggi mempunyai arti :<br />1. memeriksa atas perpindahan kapal ke samping haluan<br />2. memeriksa atas perjalanan yang ditempuh<br />3. menghampiri suatu titik<br />4. menentukan haluan guna menghindari bahaya<br />5. hubungan garis tinggi dengan peruman<br />6. hubungan garis tinggi dengan garis baringan<o:p></o:p></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKvE2yxPBfqFgv3Z4Foqnw-87meK-AM3H5DWw9eYTmuXTle4K7D7y08S3JXTBlgCbQ_sp4MkGWESmGwgRZ0qUZAR6JxwPNXasOGZqFmwg_sf35j-HhbQJVsuXdm-bICYUl36A3y1BDqTYa/s1600/Untitled-6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKvE2yxPBfqFgv3Z4Foqnw-87meK-AM3H5DWw9eYTmuXTle4K7D7y08S3JXTBlgCbQ_sp4MkGWESmGwgRZ0qUZAR6JxwPNXasOGZqFmwg_sf35j-HhbQJVsuXdm-bICYUl36A3y1BDqTYa/s400/Untitled-6.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 24px;">Gambar. Garis tinggi</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Rumus L = Z – N<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">L disebut (+), jika Lintangnya<u> utara</u> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(-) <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">          </span>selatan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Z disebut (+), jika zawalnya<u> utara</u> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(-</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">) <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">       </span>selatan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">N disebut(+), jika nampak diatas titik <u>utara </u><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(-)<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                               </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">        </span>selatan<o:p></o:p></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3RIXjX90tATu6ne2rNZXHhBSVdiMaJwiLoYmuDRjPxj8E2LnzLycSjgErc0cUnKZpuz5NZzgNNcoNe8ScSVy5jDf-yYjkuhyYqEGhYY7O1S4Fj0SKjjRXHna0m2CbOjbZp5Tvab8L9ZYj/s1600/Untitled-7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3RIXjX90tATu6ne2rNZXHhBSVdiMaJwiLoYmuDRjPxj8E2LnzLycSjgErc0cUnKZpuz5NZzgNNcoNe8ScSVy5jDf-yYjkuhyYqEGhYY7O1S4Fj0SKjjRXHna0m2CbOjbZp5Tvab8L9ZYj/s400/Untitled-7.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 24px;">Gambar. Panjang garis tinggi</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:114.05pt;height:171.05pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative:char;mso-position-vertical-relative:line'> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\ZOELL\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image015.jpg" o:title="HITUNG PELAYARAN104" croptop="10486f" cropbottom="6117f" cropleft="24903f" cropright="20972f"/> <w:wrap type="none"/> <w:anchorlock/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1038" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;margin-left:11.9pt;margin-top:6pt; width:122.7pt;height:162pt;z-index:251645440; mso-position-horizontal-relative:char;mso-position-vertical-relative:line'> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\ZOELL\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image015.jpg" o:title="HITUNG PELAYARAN104" croptop="10486f" cropbottom="6117f" cropleft="2621f" cropright="43254f"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 216px; margin-left: 16px; margin-top: 8px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 164px; z-index: 251645440;"></span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1037" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;margin-left:155.9pt;margin-top:2pt; width:109.8pt;height:159.05pt;z-index:251644416; mso-position-horizontal-relative:char;mso-position-vertical-relative:line'> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\ZOELL\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image015.jpg" o:title="HITUNG PELAYARAN104" croptop="10486f" cropbottom="6117f" cropleft="45875f"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 212px; margin-left: 208px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 146px; z-index: 251644416;"></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Menentukan saat matahari berembang</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Contoh soal<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pada tanggal 25 januari 19xx bujur duga pada waktu tengah hari adalah 106°47’,5 T. waktu di kapal berjalan menurut WIB jam berapakah matahari akan berembang menurut WIB ?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Jawab:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mers pass<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">      </span>= <st1:date day="12" month="12" w:st="on" year="2000">12-12-00</st1:date><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Bdw<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                </span><u>= <st1:date day="7" month="7" w:st="on" year="2000">07-07-00</st1:date><o:p></o:p></u></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">GMT<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                </span>= <st1:date day="4" month="5" w:st="on" year="1950">05-04-50</st1:date><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">∆ tolok <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">           </span><u>= 07-00-00<o:p></o:p></u></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Berembang<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>= <st1:date day="4" month="12" w:st="on" year="1950">12-04-50</st1:date>WIB<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Sumber:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 99.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">PENULIS <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">      </span>: MULDAN MARTIN, A.Pi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 99.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">EDITOR <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">        </span>: IRWAN KURNIAWAN, S.St.Pi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br /></div>

AZIMUTH

a.    Maksud dan tujuanAZIMUTH Ialah menentukan arah sejati (baringan sejati) suatu benda angkasa untuk memperoleh : salah pedoman (deviasi) dan arah garis tinggib.    Cara mencari Azimuth1.    Dengan…

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SUSUNAN ALMANAK NAUTIKA

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG_rDkHNBOem3BrD_uCMQPABqWQu8kIbYjIN5zC_Ngs0Ir5N0D_jqjWjbPfF-WM-bHVP9eZB6mcu5W46MChAK4A9UlCuHBhBshNLYFgx5eCbjdCLO4jBKWoe7LvQy2r5JTVWF_ImUTHRWY/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG_rDkHNBOem3BrD_uCMQPABqWQu8kIbYjIN5zC_Ngs0Ir5N0D_jqjWjbPfF-WM-bHVP9eZB6mcu5W46MChAK4A9UlCuHBhBshNLYFgx5eCbjdCLO4jBKWoe7LvQy2r5JTVWF_ImUTHRWY/s400/images.jpg" width="280" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 54.0pt left dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Data sesehari yang terpenting<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Data sesehari yang mendasar untuk semua benda angkasa yang penting bagi navigator yang mencakup jangka waktu setiap tiga hari, diberikan pada sepasang <u>halaman harian yang</u> berhadapan dari Almanak. Halaman-halaman <u>Kiri</u> : terutama dipakai untuk tabulasi data bintang-bintang planet-planet navigasi. </span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Benda-benda angkasa ini mempunyai arti penting terutama selama waktu senja, pagi dan sore. Halaman-halaman <u>kanan</u> : memberikan data sesehari untuk matahari dan bulan, bersama dengan waktu-waktu senja, matahari tertib/terbenam dan bulan terbit/terbenam. Lajur paling kiri pada setiap halaman berisi, tanggal-tanggal, hari-hari dari seminggu dan jam-jam GMT untuk ketiga hal tersebut. Perlu diingat baik-baik bahwa tanggalnya adalah <u>tanggal di Greenwinch;</u> ini dapat satu hari lebih cepat atau lebih lambat dari tanggal setempat di posisi sipenilik.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 54.0pt left dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Halaman (harian) kiri Almanak<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Khususnya, halaman kiri untuk setiap set dari tiga hari, untuk tiap jam GMT memberikan :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">GHA aries serta GHA dan Zawal (dec), nilai d (kor.d), daftar SHA dari tiap planet dan mer pass, susunan 57 bintang <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 54.0pt left dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Halaman (harian) kanan Almanak<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Halaman kanan, memberikan data sesehari untuk matahari dan bulan, bersama dengan waktu-waktu senja, matahari terbit/terbenam dan bulan terbit/terbenam.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Berisi ; GHA matahari dan bulan, GMT tiap jam, perata waktu, perembangan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>matahari dan bulan, usia dan sosok bulan, ½ garis menengah, matahari terbit/terbenam.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 54.0pt left dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Daftar Interpolasi (Increment and Correction)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Untuk menentukan GHA dn zawal benda angkasa untuk saat pengamatan selain dari jam penuh GMT, diperlukan interpolasi, ialah menghitung nilai lanjutan terhadap yang terdapat di dalam tabulasi tiap jam. Dalam menentukan waktu lanjutan tersebut (dinyatakan dalam menit dan detik) terhadap jam penuh yang tercetak didalam tabel, maka kecepatan perubahan dalam GHA dan zawal dianggap sepakat. Tambahaan (increment) dan koreksi (correction) ini dicetak pada halaman berwarna di bagian belakang Almanak guna kemudahan mencarinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 54.0pt left dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Daftar-daftar tambahan lainnya<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 75.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 75.0pt left dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Daftar pengubahan busur ke waktu (conversion of arc to time)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 75.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 75.0pt left dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Daftar waktu tolok (standar time) diberbagai Negara<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 75.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 75.0pt left dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Daftar perbaikan tinggi (altitude correction table)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 75.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 75.0pt left dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Daftar Polaris (polestar tables)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 75.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 75.0pt left dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 75.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 75.0pt left dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 75.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 75.0pt left dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sumber:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 75.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.0pt 36.0pt list 75.0pt left dotted 396.0pt blank 414.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 99.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">PENULIS <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">      </span>: MULDAN MARTIN, A.Pi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 99.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">EDITOR <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">        </span>: IRWAN KURNIAWAN, S.St.Pi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br /></div>

SUSUNAN ALMANAK NAUTIKA

a.    Data sesehari yang terpentingData sesehari yang mendasar untuk semua benda angkasa yang penting bagi navigator yang mencakup jangka waktu setiap tiga hari, diberikan pada sepasang halaman harian…

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PENGGUNAAN ALMANAK NAUTIKA

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Waktu <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pembagian waktu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1. Waktu Bintang (<i>siderial time</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2. Waktu matahari (<i>solar time </i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l1 level6 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Waktu menengah setempat (LMT)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l1 level6 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Waktu menengah Greenwich (GMT)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l1 level6 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">WAktu tolok (standar time)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l1 level6 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Waktu mintakad (zone time)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/></v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:300pt; height:324pt;mso-position-horizontal-relative:char; mso-position-vertical-relative:line'> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\ZOELL\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg" o:title="HITUNG PELAYARAN27" cropbottom="24663f" cropleft="5896f" cropright="8259f"/> <w:wrap type="none"/> <w:anchorlock/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnhn7h0z21WHODHKC1bU3JKvRbDCX1X4rFB_PsEgHCOoUPJfmTUxSAHXBI69dY0P7MeRPGB4AygWB05dBj48cd4YQcbSgXWtz9cy9IWMojUtYJ7o3n9x5YLs-V1CMuhgvoGJaygjXInqk-/s1600/Untitled-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnhn7h0z21WHODHKC1bU3JKvRbDCX1X4rFB_PsEgHCOoUPJfmTUxSAHXBI69dY0P7MeRPGB4AygWB05dBj48cd4YQcbSgXWtz9cy9IWMojUtYJ7o3n9x5YLs-V1CMuhgvoGJaygjXInqk-/s400/Untitled-1.jpg" width="380" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 24px;">Gambar. Pembagian waktu</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Waktu Menengah Setempat (LMT)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Adalah waktu menengah yang menjadi dasar untuk suatu tempat, jika SJB(sudut jam barat) setempat (LHA) dihitung ke arah barat, mulai dari derajah tempat tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">           </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                        </span>LMT = </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Θ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> m LHA ± 12 jam<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Waktu Menengah <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Greenwich</st1:place></st1:city>(GMT)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -90.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Adalah waktu menengah setempat pada derajah <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">greenwich</st1:place></st1:city>.<br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">GMT = </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Θ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> m GHA + 12 jam.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJce2oPXbCw_DJgtB8xSc1zTf6Uj_09fX9l62GGFePKMKMTb5FbvVDzJNGRjnoJUdnnc0SHLzE-YxykFxa-M3XW7wqBlNQhJKz-DuLBfL5VZojQEoSCCiWFT5_BDVg3zLKo5N_-7Awg1ES/s1600/Untitled-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJce2oPXbCw_DJgtB8xSc1zTf6Uj_09fX9l62GGFePKMKMTb5FbvVDzJNGRjnoJUdnnc0SHLzE-YxykFxa-M3XW7wqBlNQhJKz-DuLBfL5VZojQEoSCCiWFT5_BDVg3zLKo5N_-7Awg1ES/s400/Untitled-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 24px;">Gambar. Waktu Green Wich</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -90.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Waktu Tolok (ST)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Adalah waktu menengah yang berlaku bagi suatu wilayah negara.<br /><br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">WIB<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>= GMT + 7 JAM<br />WITA= GMT + 8 JAM<br />WIT<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>= GMT + 9 JAM<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Waktu Mintakad (ZT)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Adalah waktu menengah pada derajah pertengahan Zone yang bersangkutan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:390.55pt;height:187.65pt;mso-position-horizontal-relative:char; mso-position-vertical-relative:line'> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\ZOELL\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.jpg" o:title="HITUNG PELAYARAN30" croptop="21845f"/> <w:wrap type="none"/> <w:anchorlock/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgszgiBsPI89Y8-qKOAie4BngYI4X0z4yViOaRotpuQYJkUGTXwjdZMukzT7dcBqQ09TWxsfM_VIIMFBeaL18MBEgLf92VYe2bP5_hzji2LfxJzGokRTT_-gBsRR5gwjbPlwTiNxwy3vvhX/s1600/Untitled-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgszgiBsPI89Y8-qKOAie4BngYI4X0z4yViOaRotpuQYJkUGTXwjdZMukzT7dcBqQ09TWxsfM_VIIMFBeaL18MBEgLf92VYe2bP5_hzji2LfxJzGokRTT_-gBsRR5gwjbPlwTiNxwy3vvhX/s400/Untitled-3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">   </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Diagram ZT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3Ss4qWOYFPlHPf4sILK7YLs4ckNo5oDOUG6YPd8_Jj4gyLhVTur4nwberPPQrkGVnYWFFABDJqRn3_YtiBbl3JGyrDU49l6W0WWjr0OC_-q9JJEOfZ8zcO-ZQh5SxVCJJVEv6ZsmQ5ZOv/s1600/Untitled-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3Ss4qWOYFPlHPf4sILK7YLs4ckNo5oDOUG6YPd8_Jj4gyLhVTur4nwberPPQrkGVnYWFFABDJqRn3_YtiBbl3JGyrDU49l6W0WWjr0OC_-q9JJEOfZ8zcO-ZQh5SxVCJJVEv6ZsmQ5ZOv/s400/Untitled-4.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 24px;">Gambar. Diagram Zone Time</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Batas Tanggal Internasional (Internasional Date Line)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Untuk tiap 15° <br />T</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">erletak disebelah <u><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">TIMUR</span></u>dari Greenwich, LMT 1 jam > <u><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">SIANG</span></u>dari gmt<br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">               </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">BARAT<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">        </span></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                        </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">     </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                   </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">PAGI<br /><br />Untuk tempat-tempat<br />P</span>ada bujur <u><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">180°T </span></u>mempunyai LMT 12 jam > <u><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">SIANG</span> </u>dari GMT<br /><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">      </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">        </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">     </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">180°B<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                                    </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">         </span>PAGI<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhaqiqJrVn5xADn0MVBu9i8pImXUwTlr1AkomOwa36Znr8WWWJ_sANWklSGVK4LYqi96wRiUHwogeUnuHYuOgs8ZybsCAFxl0zQENf-4Gc6XU4AAaPFZ4RY5sF-qXinhhmboONxxWC7sxI/s1600/Untitled-5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhaqiqJrVn5xADn0MVBu9i8pImXUwTlr1AkomOwa36Znr8WWWJ_sANWklSGVK4LYqi96wRiUHwogeUnuHYuOgs8ZybsCAFxl0zQENf-4Gc6XU4AAaPFZ4RY5sF-qXinhhmboONxxWC7sxI/s400/Untitled-5.jpg" width="308" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Gambar. Batas Tanggal Internasioanl</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jika berlayar ke arah TIMUR, melewati BTI yakni :<br />- Ketika beralih <u>BT</u> ke <u>BB</u>, maka tanggal dikapal <u>dikurangi</u><br /><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">      </span>BB<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>BT<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                        </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                 </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ditambah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1031" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left; margin-left:54.1pt;margin-top:40.8pt;width:234pt;height:125.9pt;z-index:-1'> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\ZOELL\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image011.jpg" o:title="HITUNG PELAYARAN35" croptop="33882f" cropbottom="12037f" cropleft="4012f" cropright="6687f"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 168px; left: 0px; margin-left: 72px; margin-top: 54px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 312px; z-index: -1;"><img height="168" src="file:///D:/DOCUME~1/ZOELL/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_s1031" width="312" /></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Misalnya sebuah kapal bertolak pada siang hari tgl 2 mei dari A di BT untuk tiba di B di BB, pada siang hari berikutnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgumOCoqvYbDmwx_SDJTxmp59jszTbgJ3Hjgo-jzjnN94tDrJGMgdag2eeYYLLlTkadKpjhyphenhyphenLM-_5L0oZsImFKm7m8tPCFHD3QkYo93W2uyEcOUOhA_Ut978C-i8iCLL1ZouQrUycnFL8ox/s1600/Untitled-6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgumOCoqvYbDmwx_SDJTxmp59jszTbgJ3Hjgo-jzjnN94tDrJGMgdag2eeYYLLlTkadKpjhyphenhyphenLM-_5L0oZsImFKm7m8tPCFHD3QkYo93W2uyEcOUOhA_Ut978C-i8iCLL1ZouQrUycnFL8ox/s400/Untitled-6.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Dalam buku harian kapal: sebagai tgl tolak dari A, dicatat 3 mei. </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Satu hari kemudian, di B, maka kita harus mencatat sebagai tgl tiba 3 mei.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jadi tanggal 3 mei dicatat 2 kali.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Universal Time (UT)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Adalah waktu matahari menengah terhadap derajah greenwich.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">GMT = 12 jam + GHA </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Θ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> menengah</span></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pengukur Waktu (Chronometer)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Maksud dan tujuan : Digunakan untuk menentukan GMT, penunjukan pengukuran waktu (ppw) pada umumnya tidak sama dengan dengan GMT sebenarnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Definisi :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Duduk <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span>= selisih antara ppw dan GMT<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Lalu<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">          </span>= jumlah waktu perubahan dalam duduk, selama jangka waktu <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>tertentu, yang tidak sama denga sat hari (24 jam)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Langkah<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">  </span>= jumlah waktu perubahan dalam duduk selama 1 hari.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">GMT = ppw + ddk<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 58.8pt; text-indent: -1.1pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Contoh soal 1:<br />Isyarat waktu radio (<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">jakarta</st1:place></st1:city>) diberikan pada tiap pukul 08.00 WIB<br />Tanggal 10 mei <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>: isyarat dititik pada ppw = 01-35-20<br />Tanggal 13 mei <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>: isyarat dititik pada ppw = 01-35-26<br /><br />Hitunglah<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">           </span>a) kedua duduk pada saat-saat tersebut dan <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">     </span>langkahnya<br />b) duduk pada 07 GMT, 14 mei<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 59.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jawab: <br />10 mei :<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>WIB<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>= 08-00-00<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span>13 <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">       </span>mei :<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>WIB<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">      </span>= 08-00-00<br /><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>∆ tolok<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span><u>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>-7-00-00+</u><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span> <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">           </span>∆ tolok <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">           </span><u>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>-7-00-00+<br /></u><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>GMT<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>= 01-00-00<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                             </span>GMT<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>= 01-00-00<br /><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>ppw<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span><u>= 01-35-20 -</u><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">               </span> <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">           </span>ppw<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span><u>= <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">       </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>01-35-26 –<br /></u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">      </span>Ddk 1<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>(-) 0-35-20<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                              </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>ddk 2<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">  </span>(-) 0-35-26<br /><span style="mso-tab-count: 6;">                                                                </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>ddk 1<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">  </span><u>(-) 0-35-20-<br /></u><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;">                                        </span>lalu dalam 3 hari <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                 </span>=(-)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">        </span>6’<br /><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;">                                        </span>langkah 1/3 x (-) 6<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                </span>=(-)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">        </span>2’<br /><br />b) Ddk 1 GMT, 13 mei<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">              </span>=(-)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>0-35-26<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">  </span><br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>Lalu 1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>6/24 hari x (-) 2’<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">       </span><u>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">     </span>(-)02,5+<br /></u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>jadi ddk 07 GMT, 14 mei<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span>= (-) 0-35-28,5<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Contoh 2<br />Pada tanggal 20 januari 19xx dibujur duga 154°30B, kira-kira pukul 20-10 ZT diadakan pengamatan * pada ppw = 07-20-26<br />duduk pada 19 GMT, 17 januari = (+) 0-11-28<br />langkah harian <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">  </span>= (+) 3,0 sekon<br />Hitunglah : GMT dan tanggal ketika pengamatan tersebut<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jawab :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ZT di kapal<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                      </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>20 -10<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                                 </span>( 20 januari )<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Zd<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;">                                     </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span><u>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>10<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>+<o:p></o:p></u></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">GMT duga<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                       </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">     </span>06-10 <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                  </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>( 21 januari )<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ppw<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                                  </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">     </span>07-20-26<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ddk 10 GMT, 17 Januari<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">           </span>= <u>(+) 0-11-18<o:p></o:p></u></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">      </span>GMT mendekati<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                    </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>07-31-44<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">              </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>(21 januari)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">      </span>lalu 3<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>12/24 hari x (+) 3<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">      </span>=<u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">        </span>(+) 10,5<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>+<o:p></o:p></u></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">      </span>GMT<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                            </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>07-31-54,5<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                       </span>(21 januari)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sumber:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 99.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">PENULIS <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">      </span>: MULDAN MARTIN, A.Pi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 99.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">EDITOR <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">        </span>: IRWAN KURNIAWAN, S.St.Pi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br /></div>

PENGGUNAAN ALMANAK NAUTIKA

a.  Waktu Pembagian waktu1. Waktu Bintang (siderial time)2. Waktu matahari (solar time )a.  Waktu menengah setempat (LMT)b.  Waktu menengah Greenwich (GMT)c.  WAktu tolok (standar time)d.  Waktu minta…

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