BAROMETER/ BAROGRAPH

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">Sebuah barometer yang secara otomatis mencatat tekanan-tekanan udara dengan tidak terputus-putus selama jangka waktu tertentu, yang dilukis oleh pena pencatat dan membentuk garis lukisan pada kertas diagram (berogram).</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXHUOmkfPtg6dsoHl5f8aMLSfH5gbZT8WY6um7QpMtULhyXphDoiAcr1EidstFgQlW9OxDKnSFcbl8aX8l1uqnFZ-jouqR14KfHnA-EwJMy8asa7lk_vlv1MBm0EMADZ2SjGIVIFtoQCXE/s1600/Barometer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXHUOmkfPtg6dsoHl5f8aMLSfH5gbZT8WY6um7QpMtULhyXphDoiAcr1EidstFgQlW9OxDKnSFcbl8aX8l1uqnFZ-jouqR14KfHnA-EwJMy8asa7lk_vlv1MBm0EMADZ2SjGIVIFtoQCXE/s400/Barometer.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><br /></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><b>Cara Pengoperasian</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>Siapkan alat Barograph.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Isi pena dengan tinta (bila isinya telah habis) dan ganti kertas silinder dengan kertas diagram yang baru.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Putar pesawat jamnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">3.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>Amati tekanan udara pada barograph yang dihasilkan dari garis lukisan pena pencatat pada kertas diagram silinder.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">4.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>Catat hasilnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 92.15pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 130%;">5.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>Hitung tekanan udara sebenarnya dengan cara menambahkan koreksi-koreksi barograph, antara lain :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">a. koreksi tinggi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">b. koreksi indeks.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br /><br /><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><br /></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px;"></span></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sumber: </span></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PENULIS <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">      </span>: MULDAN MARTIN, A.Pi</span></b></span></span></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></b></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">EDITOR <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">        </span>: IRWAN KURNIAWAN, S.St.Pi</span></b></span></b></div></div>

BAROMETER/ BAROGRAPH

Sebuah barometer yang secara otomatis mencatat tekanan-tekanan udara dengan tidak terputus-putus selama jangka waktu tertentu, yang dilukis ...

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ALAT NAVIGASI SEXTAN

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">Sextan Merupakan salah satu alat navigasi di kapal yang gunanya untuk menentukan sudut antara kapal dengan benda-benda lain di luar k</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">apal baik benda-benda didarat maupun dengan benda-benda angkasa ( misalnya matahari, bulan, bintang, dsb ).</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIeqn3MryDUqhZ0Sql8Qqs3FSNmhm0_Lma4pjAfkzuNf7CoQ4ocn0vYCHrdhLxxoPGD-vJZ5xpBau-IIqdwsusXEtXgKPwfgy0XxrvC3BcnkF6Jcp-gnXPqCfiwlpHuhZQkTWztjbUlk24/s1600/Sextan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIeqn3MryDUqhZ0Sql8Qqs3FSNmhm0_Lma4pjAfkzuNf7CoQ4ocn0vYCHrdhLxxoPGD-vJZ5xpBau-IIqdwsusXEtXgKPwfgy0XxrvC3BcnkF6Jcp-gnXPqCfiwlpHuhZQkTWztjbUlk24/s400/Sextan.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Sextan</b></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Cara Pengoperasian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">1. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>Ambil sextan dari kotak penyimpanan dengan menggunakan tangan kiri pada bagian pangkalnya lalu pindahkan ke tangan kanan (pegang pada bagian handle / pegangannya).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">2. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>Atur alhidade dan nonius pada kedudukan 0 (nol), sisihkan kaca berwarna yang tidak perlu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">3. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>Cari nilai koreksi index benda yang akan diukur dengan cara memutar nonius dan dicatat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 130%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">4. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>Ukur sudut benda yang akan kita ukur dengan mengatur alhidade sedemikian rupa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">5. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>Putar sekrup halus sehingga bayangan benda menjadi satu dengan benda lain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Atau dalam pengukuran secara vertikal atur bayangan benda angkasa tepat menyinggung cakrawala / horizon.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">a. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada pengukuran matahari yang disinggungkan pada cakrawala adalah tepi bawah / tepi atas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">b. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada pengukuran bulan yang disinggungkan dengan cakrawala adalah tepi atas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">c. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada pengukuran bintang dan planet, yang disinggungkan pada cakrawala/horizon adalah titik pusatnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">6. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>Catat hasil pengukurannya dan pada saat pengukuran benda angkasa catat pula waktu saat benda angkasa tersebut menyinggung cakrawala.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">7. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>Catat juga hal-hal lain yang perlu diperhatikan antara lain :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">         </span>a. Waktu dan tanggal pembaringan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/></v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute; left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:3in;margin-top:10.4pt;width:189pt;height:142.25pt; z-index:-1' stroked="t" strokecolor="blue"> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\ZOELL\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg" o:title="" blacklevel="4588f"/></v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 192px; left: 0px; margin-left: 287px; margin-top: 13px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 254px; z-index: -1;"></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">         </span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">b. Posisi duga kapal.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">         </span>c. Haluan kapal.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">         d. Tinggi mata.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>Perawatan Sextan</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:group id="_x0000_s1026" editas="canvas" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:189pt; margin-top:16.25pt;width:324pt;height:185.45pt;z-index:-1' coordorigin="2639,9322" coordsize="4752,2880"> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> <v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute; left:2639;top:9322;width:4752;height:2880' o:preferrelative="f"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"/> <v:path o:extrusionok="t" o:connecttype="none"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" text="t"/> </v:shape></v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 247px; left: 0px; margin-left: 252px; margin-top: 22px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 432px; z-index: -1;"><img height="247" src="file:///D:/DOCUME~1/ZOELL/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026 _x0000_s1027" width="432" /></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sextan harus dijaga benar-benar jangan sampai jatuh. Atau mendapat getaran yang berlebihan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bila sextan telah digunakan bersihkan dengan lap dan simpan kembali ke dalam kotaknya dengan baik dan kunci rapat, serta jauhkan dari suhu tinggi (mis. sinar matahari langsung) dan jauhkan juga dari uap air.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sewaktu mengeluarkan sextan dari dalam kotak, yang harus dipegang pada kerangkanya atau pegangannya (handle) dan jangan sekali-kali memegang pada bagian busur, alhidade atau teropongnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Secara periodik bagian-bagian yang bergerak harus diberi minyak pelumas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Lem bidang busur jangan dibuat mengkilap.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">6. Apabila sextan disimpan dalam jangka waktu yang panjang hendaknya busur dan poros berulir dilapisi dengan vaselin.</span></div><br /></div>

ALAT NAVIGASI SEXTAN

Sextan Merupakan salah satu alat navigasi di kapal yang gunanya untuk menentukan sudut antara kapal dengan benda-benda lain di luar k apal b...

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ALAT NAVIGASI SEMAT BAYANGAN

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Semat Bayangan<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> </span>ADALAH </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Suatu alat navigasi yang berfungsi untuk </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">membaring suatu benda darat.</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpUfMtdEJ64xjg8PL7t8HhkvqiizWrEbIzTiQVkSgJZiRbQ8MdL9KRiCIqPE9rU1Tx5UfzxEoGUDR-P_aLgoILj0e_vxgCA-cKKSp6XGvpMj-4TeQGAk6GquKspYDubQjn0TLp8dCpp49t/s1600/Semat+Bayangan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpUfMtdEJ64xjg8PL7t8HhkvqiizWrEbIzTiQVkSgJZiRbQ8MdL9KRiCIqPE9rU1Tx5UfzxEoGUDR-P_aLgoILj0e_vxgCA-cKKSp6XGvpMj-4TeQGAk6GquKspYDubQjn0TLp8dCpp49t/s400/Semat+Bayangan.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Semat Bayangan</b></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">b. Cara Pengoperasian<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Siapkan alat, antara lain : pedoman dan batangan semat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Letakkan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>batangan semat tegak lurus tepat di tengah-tengah pedoman baring.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Selanjutnya tempatkan alat tersebut pada tempat datar dan terbuka.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Berdirilah tegak lurus dibelakang pedoman menghadap ke arah benda target.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Lihat dan luruskan antara batang semat bayangan dengan benda target, sedemikian rupa sehingga mata pengamat, batang semat dan benda target merupakan sebuah garis lurus.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Lalu baca angka derajat (sudut benda target) pada mawar pedoman.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Catat hasilnya berupa <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Baringan Pedoman (BP), bila posisi membaring berada di kapal besi atau Baringan Magnet (BM), bila posisi membaring berada di darat atau di kapal kayu</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bila baringan yang tersebut ingin dilukis pada peta maka harus diubah terlebih dahulu menjadi <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">BS (Baringan Sejati)</span>, dengan menggunakan rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span lang="SV" style="color: blue; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;">                                                </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">BP +<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>V<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>BM<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>BM<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>D<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>= BS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;">                                                </span>V<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>D<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>S<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>BP<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>S<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>BS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjapTh4jtssSAcuKHtto_CIXf4KIacQoWAC5N7wXB8eIqtGPTj458hEZSpS0jSTYPeCiYPLWlm5eS_VWbsUydr-P3QmpCnSdc0K3GmGTla1Oc-CTXe_rf5aqWBXpgYkgVGyK-4XQhd2wgo2/s1600/Kompas+Baring+dan+Pelengkapnya.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjapTh4jtssSAcuKHtto_CIXf4KIacQoWAC5N7wXB8eIqtGPTj458hEZSpS0jSTYPeCiYPLWlm5eS_VWbsUydr-P3QmpCnSdc0K3GmGTla1Oc-CTXe_rf5aqWBXpgYkgVGyK-4XQhd2wgo2/s400/Kompas+Baring+dan+Pelengkapnya.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kompas Baring dan Pelengkapnya</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></b></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span></span></b></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span></span></b></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sumber: </span></span></span></b></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PENULIS <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">      </span>: MULDAN MARTIN, A.Pi</span></b></span></span></span></span></b></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></b></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">EDITOR <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">        </span>: IRWAN KURNIAWAN, S.St.Pi</span></b></span></b></b></div><br /><br /></div>

ALAT NAVIGASI SEMAT BAYANGAN

Semat Bayangan   ADALAH  Suatu alat navigasi yang berfungsi untuk  membaring suatu benda darat. Semat Bayangan b. Cara Pengoperasian 1.   Si...

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ALAT NAVIGASI PERUM TANGAN

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">Salah satu alat navigasi yang berfungsi untuk mengukur kedalaman perairan, sekaligus mengetahui jenis dasarnya.</span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: justify;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLyvFP5cbc2jB4k8ae35YURmmzeOEKiZ0R2DOgW45eLtnKxBGwPE8HxOj7ZJxv0b1_aD1k_Z735096XawePrVqZJ6G2uOV2UldOb8yS8nws9e1-VZHW8FF7BI0XAVL5OguiMNaSEK8RQrb/s1600/Perum+Tangan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLyvFP5cbc2jB4k8ae35YURmmzeOEKiZ0R2DOgW45eLtnKxBGwPE8HxOj7ZJxv0b1_aD1k_Z735096XawePrVqZJ6G2uOV2UldOb8yS8nws9e1-VZHW8FF7BI0XAVL5OguiMNaSEK8RQrb/s400/Perum+Tangan.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Perum Tangan</b></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><br /></span></div><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cara Pengoperasian<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Siapkan alat perum diatas deck haluan kapal, bila pengoperasian pada malam hari hitung terlebih dahulu jarak dari tangan juru perum sampai dengan permukaan air.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Batu duga pada bagian lubang bawah diberi vaselin atau gemuk.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Kecepatan kapal dikurangi atau sampai berhenti sama sekali. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Batu duga diayun dengan menggunakan tangan kanan, dan selanjutnya diturunkan ke air sampai dengan batu duga menyentuh dasar perairan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Sesaat setelah menyentuh dasar, diatur sedemikian rupa agar posisi tali tegak lurus dan tidak kendor.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Pada saat tali benar-benar tegak perhatikan batas tali dan tanda warna yang menyentuh permukaan air, bila dioperasikan pada malam hari atau cuaca buruk maka yang dibaca adalah merkah yang terpegang di tangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Juru Perum meneriakkan tanda merkah yang terlihat pada tali perum ( kedalaman perairan ).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Catat kedalaman perairan berdasarkan warna tanda pada tali perum tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Setelah pembacaan selesai tali ditarik lagi ke atas deck.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">j.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Perhatikan jenis dasar laut yang menempel pada batu duga.</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">k.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Catat hasilnya.</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tanda-tanda Merkah pada Tali Perum Tangan :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Pada setiap kepanjangan tali 3, 13, 23, dst. Ditandai dengan kain berwarna merah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Pada setiap kepanjangan tali 5, 15, 25, dst. Ditandai dengan kain berwarna putih.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Pada setiap kepanjangan tali 7, 17, 27, dst. Ditandai dengan kain berwarna biru.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Pada setiap kepanjangan tali 10, 20, 30, dst. Ditandai dengan sepotong kulit yang dilubangi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Pada setiap kepanjangan tali 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12 dst. Ditandai dengan tali putih atau warna kain selain warna di atas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ketelitian Pemeruman Tergantung dari :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Kecepatan kapal.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Kemahiran juru perum.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Keadaan cuaca pada saat itu.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">d.  Banyaknya pemeruman yang dilakukan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sumber: </span></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PENULIS <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">      </span>: MULDAN MARTIN, A.Pi</span></b></span></span></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></b></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">EDITOR <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">        </span>: IRWAN KURNIAWAN, S.St.Pi</span></b></span></b></div><br /></div>

ALAT NAVIGASI PERUM TANGAN

Salah satu alat navigasi yang berfungsi untuk mengukur kedalaman perairan, sekaligus mengetahui jenis dasarnya. Perum Tangan Cara Pengoperas...

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