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MANAJEMEN PEMELIHARAAN LARVA TERIPANG

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pemijahan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pemijahan teripang dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara : secara alami, dengan pembedahan, perangsangan kejut suhu, dan perang sarigan desikasi dan penyemprotan air.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pemijahan alami<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="147" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" style="cursor: move; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="200" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sumber Gambar<br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #009933; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 15px; white-space: nowrap;">news.mongabay.com</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Induk teripang yang matang gonad penuh yang dipelihara di bak pemijahan biasanya akan memijah secara alami tanpa adanya. Teripang jantan biasanya akan mengeluarkan sperma terlebih dahulu, lalu merangsang betina untuk memijah dengan selang waktu kurang lebih 30 menit.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pemijahan dengan pembedahan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Metode pembedahan dilakukan dengan cara membelah teripang pada bagian bawah tubuh dari anus menuju ke atas. Dalam pembelahan gonad ini apabila didapatkan kantong telur, berarti teripang tersebut betina. Kantong telur kemudian ditoreh dengan gunting dan telur dimasukkan ke tempat pemijahan yang berisi air laut bersih. Jika yang ditemukan testis, maka teripang tersebut jantan. Gonad jantan (testis) juga dipotong menjadi beberapa bagian sehingga sperma keluar dan ditampung di dalam wadah lain yang berisi air laut. Kemudian telur dan sperma dicampur menjadi satu dan diaduk perlahan-lahan,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Teripang sedang memijah biasanya tubuh menggeliat dan muncul di permukaan lalu didiamkan sehingga terjadi pembuahan. Telur yang terbuahi dipanen dengan saringan dan dipindahkan ke tempat pemeliharaan larva.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pemijahan dengan perangsangan kejut suhu<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Metode ini dilakukan dengan cara peningkatan suhu air. Suhu air yang digunakan dalam pemijahan dapat dinaikkan dengan cara bak air dijemur di terik matahari, air direbus, atau dengan alat pemanas elektrik. Pemanasan dilakukan hingga suhu air mencapai 3 - 4°C lebih tinggi dari suhu awal. Di Indonesia yang iklimnya tidak banyak berubah (terutama di musim kemarau), penjemuran dengan sinar matahari merupakan alternatif terbaik dalam pemijahan ini. Pemijahan juga terjadi pada induk yang diperlakukan dengan suhu 37°C. Teripang yang memijah segera diambil dan dipindah ke tempat lain yang berisi air laut bersih untuk melanjutkan pemijahan di tempat tersebut. Pemijahan terjadi secara terus menerus selama 15 - 20 menit. Adanya sperma yang keluar merangsang induk betina untuk mengeluarkan sel telurnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Telur teripang setelah dibuahi akan mengendap didasar bak.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Larva teripang stadium auricularia bersifat planktonis yaitu hidupnya melayang-layang di air.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Perkembangan dan pemeliharaan larva<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Telur teripang berbentuk bulat dan berwarna putih. Ukuran telur bervariasi antara 160 - 180 mikron. Jumlah telur yang dikeluarkan oleh seekor induk betina berkisar antara 4 – 5 juta butir. Telur yang telah dibuahi akan mengendap di dasar bak atau di perairan habitatnya. Sedangkan telur yang tidak dibuahi akan melayang dekat permukaan air.<br />Kualitas telur terbuahi yang baik umumnya akan menghasilkan larva dengan persentase hidup yang tinggi. Oleh sebab itu, seleksi telur yang baik dan penanganan segera setelah telur dibuahi sangat penting diperhatikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Larva teripang stadium pentacula mempunyai tentakel dan kaki tabung.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Beberapa waktu setelah dibuahi, telur mengalami perkembangan embrional menjadi 2, 4, 8, 16 sel, dan seterusnya sehingga membentuk banyak sel. Ukuran rata-rata sel tersebut sekitar 194 mikron. Selang 10 - 12 jam kemudian akan membentuk stadium blastula yang rata-rata berukuran 380,01 mikron. Selanjutnya berkembang menjadi stadium gastrula yang berukuran antara 390,50 - 402,35 mikron. Setelah lebih dari 32 jam, telur akan menetas menjadi larva dan membentuk stadium auricularia yang terbagi menjadi stadium awal, tengah, dan akhir. Ukuran larva teripang pada stadium ini rata-rata antara 812,50 -987,10 mikron. Pada stadium ini larva mulai diberi pakan plankton jenis Dunaliella sp, Phaeodactylum sp, dan Chaeoceros sp sebanyak 40 - 60 x 103 sel/ml. Selama stadium auricularia awal sampai menjelang stadium auricularia akhir, larva lebih banyak hidup di permukaan air. Kepadatan larva yang dikehendaki selama stadium ini kira-kira 300 – 700 ekor per liter. Jika kepadatan terlalu tinggi, larva akan bergerombol menjadi satu, berbentuk seperti bola, dan berada di dasar bak. Bila dibiarkan, larva ini akan mati.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Sepuluh hari kemudian, larva berkembang membentuk stadium doliolaria Pada stadium ini larva berbentuk lup, mempunyai lima sabuk dan dua tentakel yang menjulur ke luar. Larva dengan ukuran antara 614,78 - 645,70 mikron ini dapat bergerak cepat ke depan. Badan bagian belakang berbentuk cincin datar. Pada setiap sudut terdapat lima kelompok silia (bulu getar). Stadium auricularia dan doliolaria bersifat planktonis, yaitu hidupa. melayang-layang di air. Selang tiga belas hari kemudian doliolaria berubah ke stadium pentactula. Larva berwama cokelat kekuningan dengan panjang antara 1.000 - 1.200 mikron. Badan berbentuk tubuler dengan lima buah tentakel pada pangkal bagian depan dan sebuah kaki tabung pendek pada pangkal belakang. Kurang lebih delapan belas hari, kaki tabung dan tentakel terlihat lebih jelas dan terdapat bintil-bintil di permukaan kulitnya. Larva pada stadium pentactula mempunyai kebiasaan berada di pinggiran bak bagian bawah dan sedikit menyukai di bawah permukaan air. Salinitas selama pemeliharaan diusahakan antara 32 - 34 per mil dan suhu antara 27 - 29°C. Segera setelah larva berada di dasar bak, diberi makanan berupa suspensi mmput laut jenis Ulva dan Sargassum.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pemeliharaan juvenile<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada stadium doliolaria, harus disiapkan kolektor (tempat untuk menempel). Pada lokasi atau tempat pemeliharaan yang berbeda, jenis kolektornya pun berbeda pula, tergantung dari jenis bahan yang tersedia di lokasi setempat. Beberapa jenis kolektor antara lain sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Kerangka dari bahan plastik yang keras dengan ukuran sekitar (60 X 10 X 80) cm, dan di bagian tengah, dijahitkan kain atau plastik transparan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Kerangka dari kawat berlapis plastik (kawat no. 8 - 10) yang berbentuk segi empat, dan di bagian tengahnya dipasang lembaran plastik kaca atau bahan lain.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Kerangka dari kayu atau bambu berbentuk segi empat, dan dll bagian tengahnya dipasang lembaran kain, jaring plastik, atau bahan lain.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Batu atau batu karang berbagai ukuran yang diletakkan di dasar bak.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Kolektor tersebut ditempatkan di dalam bak pemeliharaan. Pada prinsipnya kolektor harus mempunyai persyaratan sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Tidak beracun dan tidak menyerap banyak air.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Mudah pengaturan dan pengamatannya (juvenil yang menempel mudah diamati).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Mampu ditempeli secara maksimal dan merata di seluruh bidang kolektor.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bahan mudah diperoleh dan tidak mahal.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Sebaiknya kolektor yang dipasang telah ditempeli diatomae (lumut) sehingga pada saat juvenil menempel, pakan yang dibutuhkan telah tersedia. Juvenil biasanya hanya dapat bergerak-gerak lemah setelah mengalami metamorfosis penuh. Sehingga jika pakan yang dibutuhkan tidak tersedia dengan tepat, akan menyebabkan kematian. Pada saat juvenil mencapai ukuran 2 - 5 mm, diberi pakan dua kali sehari. Jumlah ini terns ditingkatkan seiring dengan laju pertumbuhannya. Lima belas hari setelah menempel pada kolektor, juvenil dapat dilihat dengan mata dan dapat dihitung. Kepadatan yang baik antara 5 – 10 ekor tiap kolektor, atau kepadatan optimum dalam satu bak pemeliharaan adalah 200 - 500 ekor/m2. Cara ini dilakukan terus menerus sampai benih tersebut berusia 1,5 – 2 bulan. Pada saat tersebut ukuran benih teripang antara 1,5 - 2 cm.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Sumber :</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://afatarulis81.blogspot.com/2010/05/budidaya-teripang.html">http://afatarulis81.blogspot.com/2010/05/budidaya-teripang.html</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.warintek.ristek.go.id/perikanan/Ikan%20Laut/pembenihan_teripang_putih.pdf">http://www.warintek.ristek.go.id/perikanan/Ikan%20Laut/pembenihan_teripang_putih.pdf</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div>

MANAJEMEN PEMELIHARAAN LARVA TERIPANG

Pemijahan Pemijahan teripang dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara : secara alami, dengan pembedahan, perangsangan kejut suhu, dan perang sar...

ALAT NAVIGASI TOPDAL TUNDA

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">Topdal Tunda Merupakan salah satu alat navigasi yang berfungsi untuk mengukur kecepatan <b><a href="http://perikanan-tangkap.blogspot.com/search/label/Kapal">kapal.</a></b></span><br /><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><br /></span><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijoshzZ5Kjz_ynm2yx8TQwblDLREnQQYzXMTlA7X-cpTYzvOVwm9X6aAX5JW1VCMSQ98OxVrUsCcSBpvinyzE_COzcppkx3LuwUXRcP_8B6uvdWLNOtw26XF4YiqyGvl92R6BRZn1Qk8kI/s1600/Topdal+Tunda.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="ALAT NAVIGASI TOPDAL TUNDA" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijoshzZ5Kjz_ynm2yx8TQwblDLREnQQYzXMTlA7X-cpTYzvOVwm9X6aAX5JW1VCMSQ98OxVrUsCcSBpvinyzE_COzcppkx3LuwUXRcP_8B6uvdWLNOtw26XF4YiqyGvl92R6BRZn1Qk8kI/s400/Topdal+Tunda.jpg" title="Topdal Tunda" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bagian- Bagian Topdal Tunda</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"></span><br /><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: NL;"><b>Prinsip Kerja</b></span></h4><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="NL" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: NL; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><span lang="NL" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: NL;">Apabila Log Vin ditarik, maka akan berputar dengan kecepatan yang tergantung dari kecepatan <b><a href="http://perikanan-tangkap.blogspot.com/search/label/Kapal">kapal</a></b> yang menundanya. Makin cepat <b><a href="http://perikanan-tangkap.blogspot.com/search/label/Kapal">kapal </a></b>menundanya maka makin besar pula jumlah putarannya, dan makin kecil kecepatan kapal yang menundanya maka makin kecil jumlah putarannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Selanjutnya jumlah putaran Log Vin ini dilanjutkan ke Lonceng Penghitung melalui tali topdal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Pada lonceng topdal tidak secara langsung dapat menunjukkan kecepatan kapal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Akan tetapi yang langsung ditunjukkan adalah <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">jarak</b> yang telah ditempuh oleh kapal.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Cara Pembacaan pada Lonceng Penghitung</span></h4><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Arah putaran dari jarum kecil ini adalah kekiri (berputar berlawanan arah jarum jam), jika jarum kecil ini berputar satu kali, maka jarum besar akan berpindah satu bagian skala searah jarum jam.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Pada plat jarum kecil tiap-tiap bagian skala menunjukkan jarak 1/10 mil dan pada plat jarum besar tiap-tiap skala menunjukkan jarak 1 mil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Cara Pengoperasian</span></h4><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 81.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">1. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span>Siapkan <a href="http://perikanan-tangkap.blogspot.com/search/label/Alat%20Navigasi">peralatan</a> di buritan kapal dan alat pencatat waktu (jam).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 81.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">2. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span>Pasang Sepatu Log Topdal pada pagar buritan kapal dengan kencang.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 81.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">3. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span>Kaitkan lonceng penghitung pada sepatu log.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 81.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">4. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span>Ikat dan rangkaikan masing-masing bagian topdal yang terdiri dari roda pengatur dan tali tunda, pemberat <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(tonnece)</i> dan pengapung atau sirip topdal <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(log vin)</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 81.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">5. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span>Pengapung (sirip todal) dipegang, turunkan bagian yang lainnya secara perlahan-lahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 81.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">6. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span>Lemparkan sirip topdal kearah belakang, hindari kekusutan pada tali topdal (tali tunda).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 81.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">7. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span>Pegang tali topdal dengan kuat dan bila pengapung (sirip topdal) sudah mendapat tekanan di air maka akan berputar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Putaran sirip topdal akan diteruskan ke roda pengatur dan selanjutnya ke lonceng penghitung.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 81.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">8. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span>Saat roda pengatur mulai berputar, catat waktunya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 81.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">9. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span>Catat jarak yang ditempuh kapal dengan cara melihat pada skala yang ditunjukkan pada lonceng penghitung dan catat juga waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai jarak tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 81.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">10.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>Hitung kecepatan kapal dengan cara memasukkan data tadi kedalam rumus :<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">         </span>dimana<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">          </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>v = kecepatan (mil/jam)<o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="height: 43px; margin-left: 107px; margin-top: 22px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 138px; z-index: 251689472;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr>  <td bgcolor="white" height="43" style="background: white; border: .75pt solid black; vertical-align: top;" width="138"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 251689472;">  <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;">   <tbody><tr>    <td>    <br /><div class="shape" style="padding: 4.35pt 7.95pt 4.35pt 7.95pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">v<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">      </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>s / t</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div></div></td>   </tr></tbody></table></span> </td> </tr></tbody></table></span><span lang="NL" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NL; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 7;">                                                     </span>s = jarak (mil)</span><br /><div><span lang="NL" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NL; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">t = waktu (jam)</span></div><div><span lang="NL" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NL; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><br /></span></div><div><span lang="NL" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NL; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><br /></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp8vB-0u8JB2qc-FcSphYKrWtJBIdEz86HyrwZo2C66CHu_1_oMa-qwPYK-fq1bxLN3XOnb3cDKvEl2WigNuwVMrFMW4uQoGmjaawcrnrXitbTCBKziRB8x5ItRy08BwxwLa4Vi3EI1Qqb/s1600/Topdal+Tunda2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="ALAT NAVIGASI TOPDAL TUNDA" border="0" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp8vB-0u8JB2qc-FcSphYKrWtJBIdEz86HyrwZo2C66CHu_1_oMa-qwPYK-fq1bxLN3XOnb3cDKvEl2WigNuwVMrFMW4uQoGmjaawcrnrXitbTCBKziRB8x5ItRy08BwxwLa4Vi3EI1Qqb/s400/Topdal+Tunda2.jpg" title="Topdal Tunda" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Topdal Tunda</b></td></tr></tbody></table><div><span lang="NL" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NL; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><br /></span></div><div><span lang="NL" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NL; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"></span><br /><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="NL" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NL; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: NL;">Cara Perawatan bila Topdal Selesai Dipergunakan</span></span></h4><span lang="NL" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NL; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="NL" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NL; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: NL; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: NL;">Tali topdal dibelakang roda pengatur ditarik sehingga tali pada lonceng penghitung menjadi sedikit kendor.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><span lang="NL" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: NL; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: NL; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: NL;">Kaitan tali topdal pada roda pengatur dilepas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: NL; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: NL;">Tali topdal dihibop dan ujung tali diarea kembali ke dalam air.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Hati-hati selama sirip topdal masih berada di dalam air dan kapal masih bergerak maju, maka sirip topdal dan tali topdal masih tetap berputar.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Lepaskan tali topdal dari sirip topdal<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Cuci tali topdal dengan air tawar dan keringkan dengan cara diangin-anginkan lalu setelah kering dirapihkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Selanjutnya angkat sirip topdal ke atas deck dan cuci dengan air tawar.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Lepaskan roda pengatur dari poros lonceng penghitung.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 125%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Lepaskan lonceng penghitung dari tempat duduknya, dan simpan kembali ke dalam kotaknya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Perawatan Topdal</span></h4><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pada waktu memasang atau menaikkan sirip topdal harus dijaga agar tidak tersentuh oleh benda-benda keras.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Bila selesai dipergunakan, Sirip topdal dicuci dengan air tawar, lalu dikeringkan dan dilumasi dengan gemuk.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tali topdal cuci dengan air tawar, lalu keringkan dengan cara diangin-anginkan dan setelah kering digulung rapi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bagian-bagian yang bergerak dari lonceng penghitung diperiksa dan dibersihkan serta diminyaki.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Selanjutnya semua <a href="http://perikanan-tangkap.blogspot.com/search/label/Alat%20Navigasi">peralatan </a>disimpan pada tempat yang aman dan kering.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sumber: </span></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PENULIS <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">      </span>: MULDAN MARTIN, A.Pi</span></b></span></span></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></b></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">EDITOR <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">        </span>: IRWAN KURNIAWAN, S.St.Pi</span></b></span></b></div></span></div></div>

ALAT NAVIGASI TOPDAL TUNDA

Topdal Tunda Merupakan salah satu alat navigasi yang berfungsi untuk mengukur kecepatan kapal. Bagian- Bagian Topdal Tunda Prinsip Kerja 1. ...

TERMOMETER

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">Suatu alat untuk mengukur suhu, baik suhu ruangan kamar mesin, suhu minyak, suhu di dalam palka, suhu muatan-muatan, suhu gudang penyimpanan, dsb.</span><br /><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><br /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjILOctWVivBRtsukDR9SaGjWrBKSe_p9n6Tfoche_Mow4VUw7geS-rMLeqXX2yX_loL3np11dIjtqR1xX9YxjY44BYookuKRSedMWTx6903wtCQpm7DIpH0X-OXqAzhkqDZV0PkZgoKeG7/s1600/Termometer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjILOctWVivBRtsukDR9SaGjWrBKSe_p9n6Tfoche_Mow4VUw7geS-rMLeqXX2yX_loL3np11dIjtqR1xX9YxjY44BYookuKRSedMWTx6903wtCQpm7DIpH0X-OXqAzhkqDZV0PkZgoKeG7/s400/Termometer.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Thermometer Max-Min dan Thermometer Digital</td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Empat (4) macam Pengukuran Thermometer<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 6;">                                                                        </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">     </span>Titik Beku <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">           </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">     </span>Titik Didih<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">1. Skala suhu derajat FA</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">HRENHEIT<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>32<sup>0</sup><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                             </span>212<sup>0</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">2. Skala suhu derajat CELCIUS<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">               </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>0<sup>0</sup><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                              </span>100<sup>0</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">3. Skala suhu derajat REAMUR<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">               </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>0<sup>0</sup><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                              </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>80<sup>0</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">4. Skala suhu derajat KELVIN<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">         </span>273<sup>0</sup><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                            </span>373<sup>0</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Cara Pengoperasian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tempatkan thermometer pada tempat - tempat yang ingin diukur temperaturnya dan hindari terkena panas langsung, seperti : terkena cahaya matahari, cerobong asap atau saluran-saluran air panas (setom), atau terkena percikan air, dsb.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Biarkan suhu sekitar mempengaruhi alat thermometer.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Baca thermometer sesingkat mungkin agar suhu tubuh si pengamat tidak mempengaruhi pembacaan, mata harus sejajar dengan tinggi permukaan air raksa yang ada dalam pipa kapiler untuk menghindari salah pembacaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Pembacaan skala hingga 0,1<sup>0</sup> . Pada pembacaan thermometer maksi-mum-minimum, baca skala yang terlihat pada thermometer maksimum serta baca juga skala yang ditunjukkan oleh thermometer minimum, selanjutnya masing-masing skala tersebut dijumlahkan lalu dibagi dua.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Catat hasilnya, dan bila pengukuran menggunakan thermograf tam-bahkan koreksi indeks<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">Rumus Penggunaan Thermometer</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 17px;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 17px;">* </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: normal;">R<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>4/5<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>X<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>C</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: normal;">* </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: normal;">C<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>5/9<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>(<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>F – 32 )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: normal;">* </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: normal;">F<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>( 9/5<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>X<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>C )<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>32</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: normal;">* </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: normal;">K<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>C<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>+ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>273</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: normal;">* </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: normal;">R<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>4/9<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>( F<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>32 )</span></div></div>

TERMOMETER

Suatu alat untuk mengukur suhu, baik suhu ruangan kamar mesin, suhu minyak, suhu di dalam palka, suhu muatan-muatan, suhu gudang penyimpanan...

BAROMETER/ BAROGRAPH

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">Sebuah barometer yang secara otomatis mencatat tekanan-tekanan udara dengan tidak terputus-putus selama jangka waktu tertentu, yang dilukis oleh pena pencatat dan membentuk garis lukisan pada kertas diagram (berogram).</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXHUOmkfPtg6dsoHl5f8aMLSfH5gbZT8WY6um7QpMtULhyXphDoiAcr1EidstFgQlW9OxDKnSFcbl8aX8l1uqnFZ-jouqR14KfHnA-EwJMy8asa7lk_vlv1MBm0EMADZ2SjGIVIFtoQCXE/s1600/Barometer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXHUOmkfPtg6dsoHl5f8aMLSfH5gbZT8WY6um7QpMtULhyXphDoiAcr1EidstFgQlW9OxDKnSFcbl8aX8l1uqnFZ-jouqR14KfHnA-EwJMy8asa7lk_vlv1MBm0EMADZ2SjGIVIFtoQCXE/s400/Barometer.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><br /></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><b>Cara Pengoperasian</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>Siapkan alat Barograph.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Isi pena dengan tinta (bila isinya telah habis) dan ganti kertas silinder dengan kertas diagram yang baru.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Putar pesawat jamnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">3.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>Amati tekanan udara pada barograph yang dihasilkan dari garis lukisan pena pencatat pada kertas diagram silinder.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">4.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>Catat hasilnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 92.15pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 130%;">5.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>Hitung tekanan udara sebenarnya dengan cara menambahkan koreksi-koreksi barograph, antara lain :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">a. koreksi tinggi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">b. koreksi indeks.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div><br /><br /><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><br /></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px;"></span></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sumber: </span></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PENULIS <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">      </span>: MULDAN MARTIN, A.Pi</span></b></span></span></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></b></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: xx-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">EDITOR <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">        </span>: IRWAN KURNIAWAN, S.St.Pi</span></b></span></b></div></div>

BAROMETER/ BAROGRAPH

Sebuah barometer yang secara otomatis mencatat tekanan-tekanan udara dengan tidak terputus-putus selama jangka waktu tertentu, yang dilukis ...

ALAT NAVIGASI SEXTAN

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">Sextan Merupakan salah satu alat navigasi di kapal yang gunanya untuk menentukan sudut antara kapal dengan benda-benda lain di luar k</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;">apal baik benda-benda didarat maupun dengan benda-benda angkasa ( misalnya matahari, bulan, bintang, dsb ).</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIeqn3MryDUqhZ0Sql8Qqs3FSNmhm0_Lma4pjAfkzuNf7CoQ4ocn0vYCHrdhLxxoPGD-vJZ5xpBau-IIqdwsusXEtXgKPwfgy0XxrvC3BcnkF6Jcp-gnXPqCfiwlpHuhZQkTWztjbUlk24/s1600/Sextan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIeqn3MryDUqhZ0Sql8Qqs3FSNmhm0_Lma4pjAfkzuNf7CoQ4ocn0vYCHrdhLxxoPGD-vJZ5xpBau-IIqdwsusXEtXgKPwfgy0XxrvC3BcnkF6Jcp-gnXPqCfiwlpHuhZQkTWztjbUlk24/s400/Sextan.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Sextan</b></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA;"></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Cara Pengoperasian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">1. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>Ambil sextan dari kotak penyimpanan dengan menggunakan tangan kiri pada bagian pangkalnya lalu pindahkan ke tangan kanan (pegang pada bagian handle / pegangannya).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">2. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>Atur alhidade dan nonius pada kedudukan 0 (nol), sisihkan kaca berwarna yang tidak perlu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR;">3. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>Cari nilai koreksi index benda yang akan diukur dengan cara memutar nonius dan dicatat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 130%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">4. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>Ukur sudut benda yang akan kita ukur dengan mengatur alhidade sedemikian rupa.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">5. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>Putar sekrup halus sehingga bayangan benda menjadi satu dengan benda lain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Atau dalam pengukuran secara vertikal atur bayangan benda angkasa tepat menyinggung cakrawala / horizon.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">a. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada pengukuran matahari yang disinggungkan pada cakrawala adalah tepi bawah / tepi atas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">b. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada pengukuran bulan yang disinggungkan dengan cakrawala adalah tepi atas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">c. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada pengukuran bintang dan planet, yang disinggungkan pada cakrawala/horizon adalah titik pusatnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">6. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>Catat hasil pengukurannya dan pada saat pengukuran benda angkasa catat pula waktu saat benda angkasa tersebut menyinggung cakrawala.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">7. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span>Catat juga hal-hal lain yang perlu diperhatikan antara lain :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">         </span>a. Waktu dan tanggal pembaringan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="height: 192px; left: 0px; margin-left: 287px; margin-top: 13px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 254px; z-index: -1;"></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">         </span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;">b. Posisi duga kapal.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">         </span>c. Haluan kapal.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FI;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">         d. Tinggi mata.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 63.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>Perawatan Sextan</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><span style="height: 247px; left: 0px; margin-left: 252px; margin-top: 22px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 432px; z-index: -1;"><img height="247" src="file:///D:/DOCUME~1/ZOELL/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026 _x0000_s1027" width="432" /></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sextan harus dijaga benar-benar jangan sampai jatuh. Atau mendapat getaran yang berlebihan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bila sextan telah digunakan bersihkan dengan lap dan simpan kembali ke dalam kotaknya dengan baik dan kunci rapat, serta jauhkan dari suhu tinggi (mis. sinar matahari langsung) dan jauhkan juga dari uap air.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sewaktu mengeluarkan sextan dari dalam kotak, yang harus dipegang pada kerangkanya atau pegangannya (handle) dan jangan sekali-kali memegang pada bagian busur, alhidade atau teropongnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Secara periodik bagian-bagian yang bergerak harus diberi minyak pelumas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Lem bidang busur jangan dibuat mengkilap.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">6. Apabila sextan disimpan dalam jangka waktu yang panjang hendaknya busur dan poros berulir dilapisi dengan vaselin.</span></div><br /></div>

ALAT NAVIGASI SEXTAN

Sextan Merupakan salah satu alat navigasi di kapal yang gunanya untuk menentukan sudut antara kapal dengan benda-benda lain di luar k apal b...

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MANAJEMEN PEMELIHARAAN LARVA TERIPANG

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ALAT NAVIGASI SEXTAN

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